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==Events== * 455 – The Roman military commander Avitus is proclaimed Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. * 491 – Odoacer makes a night assault with his Heruli guardsmen, engaging Theoderic the Great in Ad Pinetam. Both sides suffer heavy losses, but in the end Theodoric forces Odoacer back into Ravenna. * 660 – Battle of Hwangsanbeol: Korean forces under general Kim Yu-shin of Silla defeat the army of Baekje at Nonsan (South Korea). * 869 – A magnitude 8.6 Ms earthquake and subsequent tsunami strikes the area around Sendai in the northern part of Honshu, Japan. *1357 – Emperor Charles IV assists in laying the foundation stone of Charles Bridge in Prague. *1386 – The Old Swiss Confederacy makes great strides in establishing control over its territory by soundly defeating the Archduchy of Austria in the Battle of Sempach. *1540 – King Henry VIII of England annuls his marriage to his fourth wife, Anne of Cleves. *1572 – Nineteen Catholics suffer martyrdom for their beliefs in the Dutch town of Gorkum. *1609 – Bohemia is granted freedom of religion through the Letter of Majesty by the Holy Roman Emperor, Rudolf II. *1701 – War of the Spanish Succession: Austrians defeat France in the Battle of Carpi. *1745 – War of the Austrian Succession: French victory in the Battle of Melle allows them to capture Ghent in the days after. *1755 – French and Indian War: Braddock Expedition: British troops and colonial militiamen are ambushed and suffer a devastating defeat by French and Native American forces. *1776 – George Washington orders the Declaration of Independence to be read out loud to members of the Continental Army in New York, New York, for the first time. *1789 – In Versailles, the National Assembly reconstitutes itself as the National Constituent Assembly and begins preparations for a French constitution. *1790 – Russo-Swedish War: Second Battle of Svensksund: In the Baltic Sea, the Swedish Navy captures one third of the Russian fleet. *1793 – The Act Against Slavery is passed in Upper Canada and the importation of slaves into Lower Canada is prohibited. *1807 – The Treaties of Tilsit are signed by Napoleon I of France and Alexander I of Russia. *1810 – Napoleon annexes the Kingdom of Holland as part of the First French Empire. *1811 – Explorer David Thompson posts a sign at the confluence of the Columbia and Snake Rivers (in modern Washington state, US), claiming the land for the United Kingdom. *1815 – Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord becomes the first Prime Minister of France. *1816 – Argentina declares independence from Spain. *1821 – Four hundred seventy prominent Cypriots including Archbishop Kyprianos are executed in response to Cypriot aid to the Greek War of Independence *1850 – U.S. President Zachary Taylor dies; Vice President Millard Fillmore, becomes President upon Taylor's death. * 1850 – Persian prophet Báb is executed in Tabriz, Persia. *1863 – American Civil War: The Siege of Port Hudson ends. *1864 – Thomas Briggs, was murdered, the first killing on a British train *1868 – The 14th Amendment to the United States Constitution is ratified guaranteeing African Americans full citizenship and all persons in the United States due process of law. *1875 – Outbreak of the Herzegovina Uprising against Ottoman rule, which would last until 1878 and have far-reaching implications throughout the Balkans. *1877 – The inaugural Wimbledon Championships begins. *1896 – William Jennings Bryan delivers his Cross of Gold speech advocating bimetallism at the 1896 Democratic National Convention in Chicago. *1900 – Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom gives Royal Assent to an Act creating Australia thus uniting separate colonies on the continent under one federal government. * 1900 – Boxer Rebellion: The Governor of Shanxi province in North China orders the execution of 45 foreign Christian missionaries and local church members, including children. *1903 – Future Soviet leader Joseph Stalin is exiled to Siberia for three years. *1918 – Great Train Wreck of 1918: In Nashville, Tennessee, an inbound local train collides with an outbound express killing 101 and injuring 171 people, making it the deadliest rail accident in United States history. *1922 – Johnny Weissmuller swims the 100 meters freestyle in 58.6 seconds breaking the world swimming record and the 'minute barrier'. *1932 – The state of São Paulo revolts against the Brazilian Federal Government, starting the Constitutionalist Revolution. *1937 – The silent film archives of Fox Film Corporation are destroyed by the 1937 Fox vault fire. *1943 – World War II: Operation Husky: Allied forces perform an amphibious invasion of Sicily. *1944 – World War II: Battle of Normandy: British and Canadian forces capture Caen, France. * 1944 – World War II: Battle of Saipan: American forces take Saipan in the Mariana Islands. * 1944 – World War II: Battle of Tali-Ihantala: Finland wins the Battle of Tali-Ihantala, the largest battle ever fought in northern Europe. The Red Army withdraws its troops from Ihantala and digs into a defensive position, thus ending the Vyborg–Petrozavodsk Offensive. *1955 – The Russell–Einstein Manifesto is released by Bertrand Russell in London, England, United Kingdom. *1958 – Lituya Bay is hit by a megatsunami. The wave is recorded at 30 to 91 meters high, the largest in recorded history. *1961 – Turkish voters approve the Turkish Constitution of 1961 in a referendum. *1962 – The Starfish Prime high-altitude nuclear test is conducted by the United States. * 1962 – Andy Warhol's ''Campbell's Soup Cans'' exhibition opens at the Ferus Gallery in Los Angeles. *1972 – The Troubles: In Belfast, British Army snipers shoot five civilians dead in the Springhill Massacre. *1979 – A car bomb destroys a Renault motor car owned by the famed "Nazi hunters" Serge and Beate Klarsfeld at their home in France. A note purportedly from ODESSA claims responsibility. *1981 – ''Donkey Kong'', a video game created by Nintendo, is released. The game marks the debut of Nintendo's future mascot, Mario. *1982 – Pan Am Flight 759 crashes in Kenner, Louisiana killing all 145 people on board and eight others on the ground. *1986 – The Parliament of New Zealand passes the Homosexual Law Reform Act legalising homosexuality in New Zealand. *1993 – The Parliament of Canada passes the Nunavut Act leading to the 1999 creation of Nunavut, dividing the Northwest Territories into arctic (Inuit) and sub-arctic (Dene) lands based on a plebiscite. *1995 – The Navaly church bombing is carried out by the Sri Lanka Air Force killing 125 Tamil civilian refugees. *1999 – Days of student protests begin after Iranian police and hardliners attack a student dormitory at the University of Tehran. *2006 – At least 122 people are killed after a Sibir Airlines Airbus A310 passenger jet, carrying 200 passengers veers off the runway while landing in wet conditions at Irkutsk Airport in Siberia. *2011 – South Sudan gains independence and secedes from Sudan. *2014 – A gunman kills six people including four children near Spring, Texas. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「July 9」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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